Left and right palatine bones: The palatine bones include thin plates of bone at the back of the hard palate, posterior to the left and right maxillary bones.Left and right inferior nasal conchae: Each inferior nasal concha supports membranes of the nose and attach to the corresponding (left or right) maxillary bone upon the lateral wall of the nasal aperture.Each includes a lacrimal foramen, which accommodates the tear duct. Left and right lacrimal bones: These small thin bones are in the medial wall of each orbit, anterior to the ethmoid bone.Left and right nasal bones: These are small bones that form the bony portion of the bridge of the nose.The zygomatic arches at the sides of the skull are composed of portions of the zygomatic and temporal bones. Left and right zygomatic bones: These are the cheekbones, which also make up the lateral and part of the inferior border of the orbit.They make up part of the medial and inferior border of the orbits, the lateral border of the nasal aperture, and the alveoli for the roots of the maxillary teeth. Left and right maxillary bones: The maxillary bones are the largest bones of the face.It also makes up the superior part of the nasal septum. Ethmoid bone: This bone is visible in the medial walls of the orbits, where it lies inferior to the frontal bone and anterior to the sphenoid.The foramen magnum, which accommodates the spinal cord, is a large hole in the occipital bone. Occipital bone: This bone is the posterior wall of the vault and is the largest bone of the cranial base.Sphenoid bone: Just anterior to the temporal bones, the sphenoid is a single bone that stretches through the skull from left to right. Left and right temporal bones: The lower part of the sides of the vault, including the ear opening, or external acoustic porus.Left and right parietal bones: These two bones together make up much of the top and sides of the vault.Frontal bone: The bone of the forehead, including the superior portion of the orbits, or eye sockets.Image: John Hawks, based on Quain's Anatomy The viscerocranium is the skeleton of the face, including the mandible.Ĭranial bones, as visible in right lateral view.The neurocranium, often called the cranial vault, is made up of the bones that enclose the brain.The calvaria includes all of the cranial bones except the mandible.Other bones are unpaired bones, which lie on the midline of the skull and are symmetrical in form with left and right halves.Ĭranial bones, as visible in anterior view. When anthropologists refer to these bones, they always include the side, left or right. Some bones of the skull are paired bones, with both a left and a right sided bone that mirror each other. The teeth are rooted in the mandible and in the left and right maxillary bones. The remaining 21 bones are fused together in adults at immobile joints known as sutures. Six of these are the bones of the middle ear on left and right sides, and one is the mandible. The cranium is a structure composed of 28 separate bones in most people.
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